When a beam passes through a magnetic tool, the Faraday effect causes a turning towards the light’s polarization, which causes the polarization axis of the beam to rotate clockwise by an angle visible from the onlooker’s perspective. If the outbound light is mirrored back to the original medium, the observer will see that the polarization axis of the light has been rotated clockwise by the very same angle. A Faraday rotator is an optical rotator that takes advantage of the Faraday effect. Magneto-optical crystals are crystalline products with a magneto-optical effect.
Magneto-optical crystals are classified into three types:
- Ferromagnetic
- Paramagnetic
- Diamagnetic
The magneto-optical crystals are widely utilized in optical communication, computer storage, microwave tools, and various other areas because of their huge Faraday effect, low wavelength absorption coefficient, high leaks in the structure, and high magnetization. Magneto-optical crystals are widely used in optical tool manufacturing fields such as optical modulator, optical isolator, optical ring, optical stage shifter, optical button, optical storage, optical display screen, optical recorder, microwave devices, laser gyro, and various other storage and microwave device manufacturing fields.
TGG magneto-optical crystal
Faraday isolators and spinners based on terbium gallium garnet (TGG) have remained the market standard until now, as TGG has been used in the isolators and rewriters sector as Faraday crystals with modern crystal development approaches and accurate resource control.
TGG single crystal is the most effective magneto-optical product for making a Faraday optometer as well as isolator, appropriate for wavelengths 400–1100nm (excluding 470–500nm). TGG solitary crystal has high magneto-optical consistency, low light loss, high thermal conductivity, and a high laser light damage threshold. It is widely used in YAG, Ti-doped sapphire, and various other multistage boosting, ring-type, and seed injection lasers.
The Main Advantages:
- Huge magneto-optical constant (35 Rad T-1 m-1)
- Reduced light loss (<0.1%/ centimeters)
- High thermal conductivity (7.4 W m-1K-1)
- High laser damages limit (>1GW/cm2)
- Huge Verdet Continuous (35 Rad T-1 m-1)
- Low optical losses (<0.1%/ centimeters)
- High thermal conductivity (7.4 W m-1K-1)
- High laser damages threshold (>1GW/cm2)
TSAG magneto-optical crystal
TSAG crystal is the key isolation product of the next generation fiber laser. As an excellent visible as well as infrared magneto-optical crystal, TSAG has the advantages of high Verdet constant, outstanding thermal and mechanical properties.
Terbium-scandium-aluminum garnet (TSAG) crystals are suitable magneto-optical materials for both visible and infrared wavelengths (wavelength array: 400–1600 nm). TSAG crystal has the advantages of high stability, great thermal as well as mechanical properties, and is also an important crystal for the future generation of high power lasers.
Compared with TGG crystals, TSAG has higher area constant as well as reduced absorption loss, which can make the isolator smaller, and also is an excellent product for optical isolators with high power.
The main advantages:
- Verdet consistent 20% greater than TGG (65radT-1m-1 at 1064nm)
- Low Absorption(<3000ppm/cm at 1064nm)
- High power compliant
- Low thermally-induced birefringence
- Make isolator more compactand smaller sized
CeF3 magneto-optical crystal
Rare earth trifluoride crystals, such as CeF3 and also PrF3, are superb brand-new magneto-optical materials without a “core” and have a high application price for crystal blanks.
The Verdet continuous value of the CeF3 crystal is the same as that of the TGG crystal at 1310 nm wave size, which indicates that the crystal can be suitable for a Faraday isolator in the near infrared band, and also becomes one of the potential prospects to replace commercial magneto-optical materials.
Faraday revolving glass
Faraday magneto-optical glass (rare-earth) Faraday magneto-optical glass) is a new type of practical material that has a wide range of applications in the field of optical fiber communication due to its good anisotropic uniformity, exceptional magneto-optical residential properties, and low cost.
Magnetically revolving glass, also referred to as Faraday revolving glass, is a brand-new clear optical functional material developed in current years. It can turn the polarization airplane of a beam of light of linearly polarized light parallel to the electromagnetic field. Magnetic optically revolving glass is the core material of modern extensive items, which is extensively used in the sophisticated fields of optics, electrical power and also magnetism. For example, this product can be used to make optical isolator, magneto-optical modulator, magneto optical attenuator, magneto optical button, magneto optical sensing unit as well as a range of high-precision gyroscope in fiber communication.
Verdet coefficient
Verdet coefficient is an extremely important criterion in magneto-optical materials. Although YFeOGdBiFeOz and also various other rare earth iron garnet crystals (YIG) have incredibly high Verdet consistent and high transmittance in the infrared region, they are not transparent to visible light, and can just be used in the infrared region when they are utilized as Faraday revolving aspects, with hard growth and extended period. The Verdet constant of magneto-optical glass is smaller than that of crystal collection, but it shows strong vitality in the application of magneto-optical devices because of a series of benefits such as great light passage, great optical uniformity, low price, preferred basic materials, especially simple to generate large-size items.
Along with identifying the features of the isolator and the versatility of the front and rear end user interfaces, many specifications, such as accuracy, surge response, temperature drift, noise, and response time, need to be carefully selected by the customer.
Read more: Crystal commonly used in lasers
